philoprogenitive Tajiks. Children have a lot, are proud of them and how can take care of them. In children, a lot of toys. As elsewhere, they represent most things adults. Do their masters - the carpenters, potters - for their children and to order. Even in the poorest areas, where they lived from hand to mouth, ordered the toys. Imitating adults. made them and the children. Boys vystrugivali tools. The girls sewed dresses and dolls fashioned dishes. Parents burned toys with their pots. The older children become, the bigger the "grow up" toys, gradually approaching the real things. Girls, early marriage, before the birth of their first child were playing with a doll, fulfilling the science dealing with children. To do this, they had a complete doll industry. Boys 'engaged' in farming. EM Peschereva told me that in a long expedition, she watched as the boy gave his field, spent irrigation ditches, let them on the water, iooeyal oemena different. They went up on time. He cultivated crops, and when the time came, he gathered the harvest. Now, homemade toys, there is less and less: the school has filled time guys. Leisure, especially in older, has declined. Cheap and entertaining FAB hexadecimal toy soldiers, clockwork machinery, aircraft, missiles, rubber balls, finished off homemade dolls. And yet there is still a popular toy (Le ninabade them even the artist does Mansurov) igrushech Nye posuda23, children's drums, rocking the cradle of exact copies of real ones. In Leninabad I've seen toys: wooden acting model of water. Windmills and water well kruporushek that luschat Fig. For the little ones at the markets full of colorful fans, flags, international crimson males, lollipops, whistles, birds and trains. I am interested in a special kind of toys - clay animals. For them, I'm going to Karatag.

In Karatag and back can result in the day, it is close to Dushanbe. Historically, it would be truer to say that the Dushanbe near Karatag. The capital of the Principality has long been Hissar, then, when the principality was included in the Bukhara Emirate, in Hissar sitting governor Amir, the eldest of the Bolsheviks in Eastern Bukhara - the so-called most of present-day Tajikistan, except for northern regions. In a cool summer residence was Karatag beg, but summer is six months. Then Dushanbe was little villages, known only by the fact that the market've been there on Mondays ("Dushanbe" in translation - Monday). In the small village became Karatag earthquake of 1907. The city was destroyed, but the climate has not changed, there are several holiday homes. Paradise. Its appreciated and people and birds. From poplar grove comes a murmur, which stops in a happy confusion - where all these singers are placed? Woods full of them, like a pomegranate - seeds. In aquamarine river (to keep in place its shores, the blue-gray boulders threw an iron grid) is a potter's guild "Novobod" producing "artistic" dishes. I went here not for them, and toys for usto old Saida Rasulova, master chief farm. At the time it was a lot of artists here, they are supplied with crockery and Karatag and neighborhood. Production gradually died away, the master went away or thrown pottery. Famous works usto Nazar bartender. Usto Side dishes to make from photos of the portraits of the poet priporohu Tursunzade, a native of Karatag, and other great men, or fills the background boring designs. In the plaster molds, he pushes the famous young deer, Bambi.

Artistic value of these things is questionable. Toys also has good. Best-in-law makes it, but they go under the name the old man. They are something I saw in Moscow. Creation Side usto sell in the salon in Dushanbe, are exhibited in the national museum. Toys in question. - Clay figures of fantastic animals with long necks. Tails they are bent forward, like attacking a scorpion, ta-piropodobnye * faces adorn the horn - it is a horn, there are two, three, four. Sometimes the figures have two heads, front and rear, as in aybolitovskogo Tyanitolkaya, sometimes four - a bouquet. All animals - under saddle, in harness with bells rich-stars. And they are all called "horse", "camel" or "lion." 25 Who's Who - impossible to know, unless you can guess by camel cubes instead of bales of the saddle. All the fancy wizards went on animals. Human figures are less interesting. Animals same monotonous, but not identical. Toys cook on occasion - parties. At one party, they all painted the same way. But each party differ. It all depends on what materials were available at that time under the master's hand. On the roof of the house usto Side l found broken his grandchildren toys. They were covered with flat green or brown polivoy23. But usually the color of variegated fiery red and black stripes, turquoise spots on top of teeth, festoons, rollers, rings. On some toys are heated, through-hole, scratched year of manufacture. Once the master has brought to Dushanbe toy animals, painted without the glaze. On the ocher background were maroon bands: exotica. But do not touch his hands, keep it away from water - aniline willingly goes with toys on his fingers. This is not too conscientious work replaced the ancient method of painting on an egg diluted natural colors of crocks, covered with lime. So paint murals. So beautiful Greek statues tanagrokie, and now they are dug from the earth, where they have lain for two thousand years, with a preserved coloring. Roughly the same color whistles in Ura-Tube, and in Russia Vyatka toys. Clay toys are known in Central Asia in the excavations VI-VIII centuries. Whistles were given to children naurueu. and the streets were filled with a shrill whistle for many days. It was believed that encourages whistle veted, which will bring rain, the fields. Clay whistles made anywhere burned dishes, they are now given way to the factory toys. I know in Central Asia with three seats, where they are made, even today: Karatag Samarkand. Uba village near Bukhara. It is interesting to sra1vkit. In kishlachke Uba lives Hamro Rakhimov, mistress of clay toys. In the same molds and whistles of its student usto Fatillo, their neighbor. They say there is a seamstress. Before winter, all residents of Uba fashioned toys. Hamro learned from her grandmother, also a seamstress toys. Forty-three years ago my grandmother gave her a "fattihu" (permission to work independently.) Interestingly, the toys are made and baked in a stove or elderly women only, which is difficult to do the dishes. It was believed to make toys - not serious occupation, not a man. Fatty toys usto like Rakhimov, as the leaves of one tree. Figures whistles canonized: voadnik, a horse with a bird (sparrow) on the back or between the ears (it happens that a whole flock of feathery located on the head), lion, elephant, dog, cow and sheep - they only differ in their heads. Once upon a time there were about thirty of them. They are all the same size, only the riders are large - 33 cm. Painted in tempera them - colorful specks scattered on yellowish background, and finish with red and green stripe. The bottom half, including a whistle, where children are taken for a toy, not painted. Variegation, making fun toy, deprives its entirety. The proportions of the figures mathematically perfect. Combination of simple volumes and planes - Column Neck horse's mane and crescent high cones ears - are unusual. Avarice parts creates severe solemnity. If I was an architect of the bonds: bekyukom town, I'd figure has increased from a few meters Uba and put them in a public park, it used to be in China put statues of camels, horses and elephants.